Study Guides
Online one-to-one SPM Chemistry, taught by an experienced teacher.
Explaining Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
An SPM guide to electrolysis of aqueous solutions: the three factors of selective discharge, worked examples with brine and copper sulphate, and the half-equations.
2026-09-04Study GuidesExplaining Electrolysis of Molten Compounds
An SPM guide to electrolysis of molten ionic compounds: why they conduct only when molten, what happens at each electrode, and the half-equations that earn marks.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Electroplating for SPM
An SPM guide to electroplating: why it is done, how to set up the electrodes and electrolyte, the electrode reactions, and why the electrolyte concentration stays constant.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Esterification for SPM
Esterification made clear for SPM: the reactants, concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, the equation for ethyl ethanoate, how to name esters, and the observations.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
Explain exothermic and endothermic reactions for SPM: temperature change, the sign of ΔH, energy level diagrams, bond breaking and forming, and clear examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Group 1 and Group 17 Trends
An SPM guide to the alkali metals and halogens: why reactivity rises down Group 1 but falls down Group 17, with reactions and worked reasoning.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Group 18 (Noble Gases)
An SPM guide to the noble gases: their full outer shells, why they are inert and monatomic, the trends down the group, and their everyday uses.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Homologous Series and General Formulae
Understand homologous series for SPM organic chemistry: shared general formulae, functional groups, and trends in physical and chemical properties.
2026-09-04Study GuidesIonic and Covalent Bonding Explained
How to explain ionic and covalent bonding for SPM Chemistry, with worked electron-arrangement examples for NaCl, MgO, water and carbon dioxide.
2026-09-04Study GuidesIsotopes and Relative Atomic Mass
A clear SPM explanation of what isotopes are, why relative atomic masses are not whole numbers, and how to calculate them from isotopic abundances.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Natural and Synthetic Polymers
A clear, step-by-step way to explain natural and synthetic polymers for SPM Chemistry, with monomers, addition polymerisation and worked examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Natural Rubber and Vulcanisation
An SPM guide to latex, the coagulation of natural rubber, and how vulcanisation cross-links the chains with sulfur to make rubber harder and more elastic.
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