Study Guides
Online one-to-one SPM Chemistry, taught by an experienced teacher.
How to Draw Electron Arrangement Diagrams
A clear SPM method for working out and drawing electron arrangement diagrams, with the shell-filling rules, worked atoms, and how to draw ions correctly.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Draw Energy Level Diagrams
Draw exothermic and endothermic energy level diagrams for SPM: axes, reactant and product levels, the ΔH arrow, sign, and the activation energy hump.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Draw Structural Formulae of Organic Compounds
An SPM method for drawing displayed and condensed structural formulae: the valency rule, step-by-step for alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and acids, plus how to draw isomers.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain a Simple Voltaic Cell
A clear SPM method for explaining a simple voltaic cell: terminals, electron flow, half reactions and why some cells give a higher voltage.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Activation Energy for SPM
A clear SPM Chemistry guide to activation energy: the definition, energy profile diagrams, and how temperature and catalysts change the reaction rate.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Addition and Substitution Reactions
A clear SPM guide to addition versus substitution reactions: what happens, the conditions, worked equations for ethene and methane, and how to tell them apart.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Alcohols and Their Reactions
A clear SPM walkthrough of the alcohol homologous series, ethanol and its two preparations, and the four reactions examiners love, with equations.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Alloys and Why They Are Made
A step-by-step way to explain alloys for SPM Chemistry: why pure metals are soft, how foreign atoms harden them, and the alloys you must know.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Carboxylic Acids and Esters
An SPM guide to the carboxyl and ester groups: naming, the acid reactions of ethanoic acid, and how esterification links the two families.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Catalysts Using Collision Theory
The SPM-correct explanation of how a catalyst speeds up a reaction, an alternative pathway of lower activation energy, more effective collisions, plus the properties and common examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Combustion of Hydrocarbons
An SPM guide to complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons: products, the sooty flame, balancing combustion equations and why unsaturation matters.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Explain Displacement Reactions of Metals
An SPM guide to explaining metal displacement: the reactivity rule, observations, ionic equations and the redox story, with clear worked examples.
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