Study Guides
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Study Guides articles for SPM Chemistry.
How to Balance Chemical Equations for SPM
A clear, step-by-step method for balancing SPM Chemistry equations, with worked examples, the polyatomic-ion trick, and how to handle the fraction case.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Balance Equations With Polyatomic Ions
An SPM Chemistry guide to balancing equations that contain sulfate, nitrate and other polyatomic ions, plus the bracket-and-subscript arithmetic that trips students up.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Balance Redox and Half Equations
An SPM method for writing half equations and combining them into balanced redox equations, with oxidation numbers, electron balancing and worked examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesCalculate Concentration in g/dm³ and mol/dm³
Both SPM concentration units explained, g/dm³ and mol/dm³, with the volume conversion students forget and a clean method for switching between them.
2026-09-04Study GuidesEmpirical and Molecular Formulae
A reliable four-step method for empirical formula questions in SPM Chemistry, plus how to find the molecular formula once you know the relative molecular mass.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Calculate Heat of Combustion
Calculate heat of combustion for SPM: the definition, using mass of water and moles of fuel, a worked ethanol example, and why the experimental value is lower.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Calculate Heat of Neutralisation
Calculate heat of neutralisation for SPM: the definition, why strong acid–alkali gives about −57 kJ/mol, a worked example, and why weak acids give a smaller value.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Calculate Heat of Reaction
The SPM method for heat of reaction: use Q = mcθ, convert to kilojoules, divide by moles for ΔH, and set the sign, with a full neutralisation example.
2026-09-04Study GuidesMass of Product From a Balanced Equation
A dependable five-step method for calculating the mass of a product from a balanced chemical equation, with two full SPM Chemistry worked examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Calculate Molarity and Dilutions
Molarity and dilution made clear for SPM Chemistry: convert between mass and concentration, use the dilution formula correctly, and keep your volume units straight.
2026-09-04Study GuidesMoles From Concentration and Volume
The SPM method to find moles of a solute from concentration and volume: convert cm³ to dm³, apply n = MV, and rearrange it, with fully worked examples.
2026-09-04Study GuidesHow to Calculate Percentage Yield and Purity
Work out theoretical yield from an equation, then percentage yield and percentage purity, with clean SPM worked examples and the mistakes to avoid.
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